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Networking

Articles about Networking.

MX records and email deliverability: SPF, DKIM and DMARCGetting email to the inbox is about DNS, not luck. Here's how MX records route your mail and how SPF, DKIM and DMARC keep it out of the spam folder.4 min readDiagnosing 'connection refused' errors'Connection refused' is one of the most misread errors in networking. Here's what it actually means, how it differs from a timeout, and a step-by-step fix.3 min readHow to point a domain at your VPSBought a domain and spun up a server? The last step is connecting them. Here's exactly how to point a domain at your VPS with A records — and verify it worked.4 min readCommon ports every developer should know (22, 80, 443, 3306…)You don't need to memorise all 65,535 ports — just the ones that come up daily. Here's the working developer's reference to the ports you'll actually use.3 min readSubnetting made simple: CIDR, netmasks, and host countsCIDR and subnet masks stop being scary once you see the pattern. Here's a clear, math-light guide to /24s, netmasks, host counts and splitting a network.4 min readReading HTTP response headers: a practical guideResponse headers reveal how a site is served, cached and secured. Here's a practical tour of the headers that matter — and what to check when something's off.4 min readDNS records explained: A, AAAA, MX, TXT, CNAME, NSDNS is the internet's address book. Here's a plain-English guide to the record types you'll actually use — A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, TXT and NS — and when to reach for each.4 min readHow to check if a port is open (and what to do if it's not)A service only works if its port is reachable. Learn how to test whether a port is open from your machine and from the internet, and how to fix a closed one.4 min readWhat is a WHOIS lookup and how to read the resultsWHOIS tells you who owns a domain, when it expires, and where it's registered. Here's what every field means and how to read a WHOIS record like a pro.4 min read

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